Body metrics

BMI Explained: What It Does and Doesn’t Tell You

By the Fitly Pulse Editorial Team · Published 2026-11-02 · Last reviewed 2026-11-02

Body mass index (BMI) is one of the most widely used health screening numbers. It is quick and free to calculate, but it is only a rough screening tool. This guide explains how it works and where it falls short.

How BMI is calculated

BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height (m)². For example, a person who weighs 70 kg and is 1.75 m tall has a BMI of 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) = 22.9.

WHO adult categories

BMICategory
Below 18.5Underweight
18.5 – 24.9Normal range
25.0 – 29.9Overweight
30.0 and aboveObesity

Our calculator uses these standard categories for adults.

What BMI does not tell you

  • Muscle vs fat. BMI cannot tell them apart, so a muscular person can be labelled “overweight” despite low body fat.
  • Where fat is stored. Fat around the waist carries more health risk than fat elsewhere, but BMI does not measure it.
  • Age and sex. Body composition changes with age, and men and women carry fat differently.
  • Children and teens. They need age- and sex-specific growth charts, not adult categories.

BMI and Asian populations

Research has shown that many Asian populations have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease at lower BMI values than European populations. A WHO expert consultation in 2004 suggested additional public-health action points at BMI 23 (increased risk) and 27.5 (high risk). Several national guidelines in Asia use lower cut-offs. If you are of Asian descent, a BMI in the upper part of the “normal” range may still deserve attention, so discuss it with your doctor.

Better together: other measurements

  • Waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio (a common guideline is to keep your waist below half your height)
  • Blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol from routine health checks
  • Fitness and daily habits: activity, sleep, diet quality

The bottom line

Use BMI as a starting point for a conversation, not a verdict. If your result is outside the normal range, or you are worried about your weight, a healthcare professional can look at the full picture.

Try it yourself — the free Fitly Pulse tracker runs these calculations in your browser. No account needed.

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General information onlyThis guide is educational and is not medical advice. If you have a medical condition, are pregnant, or take medication, talk to a doctor or registered dietitian before changing your diet, fluid intake, or exercise.

References

  1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight fact sheet. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
  2. WHO Expert Consultation (2004). Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. The Lancet. PubMed 14726171

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